GUPTA PREM KUMAR
OPERATIONS RESEARCH - S. CHAND
. BASICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH . Development of Operations Research . Definition of Operations Research . Characteristics of Operations Research . Scientific Method in Operations Research . Necessity of Operations Research in Industry .Scope of Operations Research . Operations Research and Decision-Making . Scope of OR in Management .Scope of OR in Financial Management . Applications of Various OR Techniques .Objectives of Operations Research . Phases of OR . Models in OR . Classification Schemes of Models . Characteristics of a Good Model .Advantages of a Model . Limitations of a Model . Constructing the Model .Approximations (Simplifications) in OR Models . Types of Mathematical Models . Role of Computers in Operations Research .Difficulties in Operations Research . Limitations of Operations Research . LINEAR PROGRAMMING . Requirements for a Linear Programming Problem . Assumptions in Linear Programming Models . Applications of Linear Programming Method . Areas of Application of Linear Programming . Formulation of Linear Programming Problems . . Advantages of Linear Programming Methods . Limitations of Linear Programming Model . Graphical Method of Solution . Some Exceptional Cases . . The General Linear Programming PrOblem . Canonical and Standard Forms of Linear Programming Problem . Theory of Simplex Method . Some Important Definitions . Analytical Method or Trial and Error Method . . The Simplex Method (Technique or Algorithm) . Artificial Variables Techniques .. The Big-M Method . The Two-Phase Method . Special Cases in the Simplex Method Application . Solution of Simultaneous Equations by Simplex Method . Some Additional Points . Computational Efficiency of the Simplex Technique . THE TRANSPORTATION MODEL . . Assumptions in the Transportation Model . Definition of the Transportation Model . Matrix Terminology . Formulation and Solution of Transportation Models . Variants in Transportation Problems . Additional Problems . Least-Time Transportation Problems . Post Optimality Analysis in Transportation . The Trans-Shipment Problem . Dual of the Transportation Problem SEQUENCING MODELS AND RELATED PROBLEMS . . Sequencing Problems . Assumptions in Sequencing Problems . Processing n Jobs through one Machine . Processing n Jobs through two Machines . Processing n Jobs through three Machines . Processing two Jobs through m Machines . Processing n Jobs through in Machines . Solution of Complicated Sequencing Problems . Problems related to Sequencing (Routing Problems in Networks) . Minimal Path Problem (Shortest Acyclic Route Models) . ADVANCED TOPICS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING . Duality in Linear Programming . The Dual Simplex Method . The Revised Simplex Method . The Bounded Variables Problem . The Decomposition Method . Sensitivity Analysis . Parametric Linear Programming . Goal Programming . Linear Fractional Programming . Integer Programming . DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING . . Distinguishing Characteristics of Dynamic Programming . Dynamic Programming Approach . Formulation of Dynamic Programming Problems .7.5 Optimal Subdivision Problem . System Reliability . Solution of L.P.P. by Dynamic Programming . Applications of Dynamic Programming . Deterministic Dynamic Programming . Probabilistic Dynamic Programming Exercises (1 to 43) . PROBABILITY THEORY . Terminology in Probability Theory . Definition of Probability . Laws of Probability . Modified Addition Law . Law of Conditional Probability . Bayes' Theorem . Random Variables . Discrete Random Variables . Continuous Random Variables . Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable . Probability Distribution of a Continuous Random Variable . Cumulative Density Function (or Cumulative Distribution Function or Simply Distribution Function) . Mathematical Expectation of a Random- Variable . Central Tendency . Dispersion or Variability . Discrete Probability Distributions . Continuous Probability Distributions . DECISION THEORY, GAMES, INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND ANNUITY .Steps in Decision Theory Approach .Decision-Making Environments .Decision-Making under Conditions of Certainty .Decision-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty .Decision-Making under Conditions of Risk .Maximum Likelihood Criterion .Expected Value Criterion for Continuously Distributed Random Variables .Additional Examples .Variations of the Expected Value Criterion Utility Theory .The Theory of Games .Characteristics of Games .Game Models .Definitions .Rules for Game Theory .Rule 1. Look for a Pure Strategy (Saddle Point) .Rule 2. Reduce Game by Dominance .Rule 3. Solve for a Mixed Strategy .Mixed Strategies (2 x 2 Games) .Mixed Strategies (2 x n Games or m x 2 Games) .Mixed Strategies (3 x 3 or Higher Games) .n-Person Zero-Sum Games .Limitations of Game Theory and Concluding Remarks .Bidding Problems .Introduction to Investment Analysis .Methods of Investment Analysis .Break-Even Analysis .Payback Period Method .Average (Accounting) Rate of Return Method .Time-Adjusted or Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Methods .Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method .Discounted Payback Period Method .Probabilistic Models .Risk Adjusted Discount Rate .Certairity-Equivalent Approach ..Applications of Simulation . Monte Carlo Simulation . Generation of Random Numbers . Simulation Languages . EETWORK ANALYSIS IN PROJECT PLANNING (PERT AND CPM) . .Project .Project Planning .Project Scheduling .Project Controlling .Work Breakdown Structure (W.B.S.) .Basic Tools and Techniques of Project Management .Role of Network Techniques in Project Management .Network Logic (Network or Arrow Diagram) ..Numbering the Events (Fulkerson's Rule) .Activity on Node Diagram .Merits and Demerits of AON Diagrams . .Critical Path Method . .Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) . .Cost Analysis and Crashing the Network . .Resource Scheduling .Updating .Objectives of Network Analysis .Advantages of Network Techniques .Limitations of Networks .Difficulties in Using Network Methods .Comments on the Assumptions of PERT/CPM .Applications of Network Techniques .Distinction Between PERT and CPM .Linear Programming Formulation . STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL. Objectives of Quality Control Advantages of Statistical Quality Control ,.Causes of Variation in Quality ;.
OPERATIONS RESEARCH - S. CHAND
. BASICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH . Development of Operations Research . Definition of Operations Research . Characteristics of Operations Research . Scientific Method in Operations Research . Necessity of Operations Research in Industry .Scope of Operations Research . Operations Research and Decision-Making . Scope of OR in Management .Scope of OR in Financial Management . Applications of Various OR Techniques .Objectives of Operations Research . Phases of OR . Models in OR . Classification Schemes of Models . Characteristics of a Good Model .Advantages of a Model . Limitations of a Model . Constructing the Model .Approximations (Simplifications) in OR Models . Types of Mathematical Models . Role of Computers in Operations Research .Difficulties in Operations Research . Limitations of Operations Research . LINEAR PROGRAMMING . Requirements for a Linear Programming Problem . Assumptions in Linear Programming Models . Applications of Linear Programming Method . Areas of Application of Linear Programming . Formulation of Linear Programming Problems . . Advantages of Linear Programming Methods . Limitations of Linear Programming Model . Graphical Method of Solution . Some Exceptional Cases . . The General Linear Programming PrOblem . Canonical and Standard Forms of Linear Programming Problem . Theory of Simplex Method . Some Important Definitions . Analytical Method or Trial and Error Method . . The Simplex Method (Technique or Algorithm) . Artificial Variables Techniques .. The Big-M Method . The Two-Phase Method . Special Cases in the Simplex Method Application . Solution of Simultaneous Equations by Simplex Method . Some Additional Points . Computational Efficiency of the Simplex Technique . THE TRANSPORTATION MODEL . . Assumptions in the Transportation Model . Definition of the Transportation Model . Matrix Terminology . Formulation and Solution of Transportation Models . Variants in Transportation Problems . Additional Problems . Least-Time Transportation Problems . Post Optimality Analysis in Transportation . The Trans-Shipment Problem . Dual of the Transportation Problem SEQUENCING MODELS AND RELATED PROBLEMS . . Sequencing Problems . Assumptions in Sequencing Problems . Processing n Jobs through one Machine . Processing n Jobs through two Machines . Processing n Jobs through three Machines . Processing two Jobs through m Machines . Processing n Jobs through in Machines . Solution of Complicated Sequencing Problems . Problems related to Sequencing (Routing Problems in Networks) . Minimal Path Problem (Shortest Acyclic Route Models) . ADVANCED TOPICS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING . Duality in Linear Programming . The Dual Simplex Method . The Revised Simplex Method . The Bounded Variables Problem . The Decomposition Method . Sensitivity Analysis . Parametric Linear Programming . Goal Programming . Linear Fractional Programming . Integer Programming . DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING . . Distinguishing Characteristics of Dynamic Programming . Dynamic Programming Approach . Formulation of Dynamic Programming Problems .7.5 Optimal Subdivision Problem . System Reliability . Solution of L.P.P. by Dynamic Programming . Applications of Dynamic Programming . Deterministic Dynamic Programming . Probabilistic Dynamic Programming Exercises (1 to 43) . PROBABILITY THEORY . Terminology in Probability Theory . Definition of Probability . Laws of Probability . Modified Addition Law . Law of Conditional Probability . Bayes' Theorem . Random Variables . Discrete Random Variables . Continuous Random Variables . Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable . Probability Distribution of a Continuous Random Variable . Cumulative Density Function (or Cumulative Distribution Function or Simply Distribution Function) . Mathematical Expectation of a Random- Variable . Central Tendency . Dispersion or Variability . Discrete Probability Distributions . Continuous Probability Distributions . DECISION THEORY, GAMES, INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND ANNUITY .Steps in Decision Theory Approach .Decision-Making Environments .Decision-Making under Conditions of Certainty .Decision-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty .Decision-Making under Conditions of Risk .Maximum Likelihood Criterion .Expected Value Criterion for Continuously Distributed Random Variables .Additional Examples .Variations of the Expected Value Criterion Utility Theory .The Theory of Games .Characteristics of Games .Game Models .Definitions .Rules for Game Theory .Rule 1. Look for a Pure Strategy (Saddle Point) .Rule 2. Reduce Game by Dominance .Rule 3. Solve for a Mixed Strategy .Mixed Strategies (2 x 2 Games) .Mixed Strategies (2 x n Games or m x 2 Games) .Mixed Strategies (3 x 3 or Higher Games) .n-Person Zero-Sum Games .Limitations of Game Theory and Concluding Remarks .Bidding Problems .Introduction to Investment Analysis .Methods of Investment Analysis .Break-Even Analysis .Payback Period Method .Average (Accounting) Rate of Return Method .Time-Adjusted or Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Methods .Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method .Discounted Payback Period Method .Probabilistic Models .Risk Adjusted Discount Rate .Certairity-Equivalent Approach ..Applications of Simulation . Monte Carlo Simulation . Generation of Random Numbers . Simulation Languages . EETWORK ANALYSIS IN PROJECT PLANNING (PERT AND CPM) . .Project .Project Planning .Project Scheduling .Project Controlling .Work Breakdown Structure (W.B.S.) .Basic Tools and Techniques of Project Management .Role of Network Techniques in Project Management .Network Logic (Network or Arrow Diagram) ..Numbering the Events (Fulkerson's Rule) .Activity on Node Diagram .Merits and Demerits of AON Diagrams . .Critical Path Method . .Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) . .Cost Analysis and Crashing the Network . .Resource Scheduling .Updating .Objectives of Network Analysis .Advantages of Network Techniques .Limitations of Networks .Difficulties in Using Network Methods .Comments on the Assumptions of PERT/CPM .Applications of Network Techniques .Distinction Between PERT and CPM .Linear Programming Formulation . STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL. Objectives of Quality Control Advantages of Statistical Quality Control ,.Causes of Variation in Quality ;.