FUNDAMENTAL OF STATISTICS

By: SC GUPTA
Material type: TextTextPublisher: HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE ISBN: 978-935024-595-8Subject(s): INDRODUCTION, MEANING AND SCOPE, COLLECTION OF DATA, CLASSIFICATION AND TABULATION, DIAGRAMMATIC AND GRAPHIC REPRESATATION, AVERAGES, DISPERSION, SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS, CORRELATION, LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS, INDEX NUMBERS, TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, THEORY OF PROBABILITY,RANDOM VARIABLE, PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND MATHEMATICAL EXPECTATION, THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION, SAMPLING THEORYAND DESIGN OF SAMPLE SURVEYS, THEORY OF ESTIMATION AND TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS, LARGE SAMPLE TEST, CHI-SQUARE TEST, TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE BASED ON t, F AND Z DISTRIBUTIONS, INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION,STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL, THEORY OF ATTRIBUTES, ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA), INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND STATISTICAL FALLACIES,STASTISTICAL DECISION THEORY. -- INTRODUCTION — MEANING AND SCOPE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICS DEFINITION OF STATISTICS IMPORTANCE AND SCOPE OF STATISTICS LIMITATIONS OF STATISTICS DISTRUST OF STATISTICS EXERCISE. COLLECTION OF DATA INTRODUCTION Objectives and Scope of the Enquiry. Statistical Units to be Used. Sources of Information (Data). Methods of Data Collection. Degree of Accuracy Aimed at in the Final Results. Type of Enquiry. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA Choice Between Primary and Secondary Data. METHODS OF COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA Direct Personal Investigation. Indirect Oral Investigation. Information Received Through Local Agencies. Mailed Questionnaire Method. Schedules Sent Through Enumerators. DRAFTING OR FRAMING THE QUESTIONNAIRE SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA Published Sources. Unpublished Sources. PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF SECONDARY DATA . CLASSIFICATION AND TABULATION INTRODUCTION — ORGANISATION OF DATA CLASSIFICATION Functions of Classification. Rules for Classification. Bases of Classification. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION. DISCRETE OR Ungrouped Frequency Distribution. Groped Frequency Distribution. Continuous Frequency Distribution. BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR FORMING A GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Types of Classes. Number of Classes. Size of Class Intervals. Types of Class Intervals. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Less Than Cumulative Frequency. More Than Cumulative Frequency. I3IVARIATE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION EXERCISE 34. TABULATION — MEANING AND IMPORTANCE Parts of a Table. Requisites of a Good Table. Types of Tabulation. EXERCISE 3-2. DIAGRAMMATIC AND GRAPIIIC REPRESENTATION . INTRODUCTION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS DIAGRAMMATIC PRESENTATION General Rules for Constructing Diagrams. Types of Diagrams. One-dimensional Diagrams. Two-dimensional Diagrams.. Three-Dimensional Diagrams. . Choice of a Diagram. . EXERCISE . GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF DATA .Technique of Construction of Graphs. . General Rules for Graphing. . Graphs of Frequency Distributions. 4 Graphs of Time Series or Historigrams. . Semi-Logarithmic Line Graphs or Ratio Charts. .LIMITATIONS OF DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS . .INTRODUCTION REQUISITES OF A GOOD AVERAGE OR MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
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