000			10225nam a2200109Ia 4500
100			_aSEKARAN UMA
245		0	_aRESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS
260			_bWILEY INDIA
650			_aBusiness research The role of theory and information in research Research and the manager Types of business research: applied and basic Applied research Basic or fundamental research Managers and research Why managers need to know about research The manager and the consultant—researcher Internal versus external consultants/researchers Internal consultants/researchers Advantages of internal consultants/researchers Disadvantages of internal consultants/researchers External consultants/researchers Advantages of external consultants/researchers Disadvantages of external consultants/researchers Knowledge about research and managerial effectiveness Ethics and business research Case: The Laroche Candy Company The scientific approach and alternative approaches to investigation The hallmarks of scientific research Purposiveness Rigor Testability Replicability Precision and confidence. Objectivity Generalizability Parsimony The hypothetico-deductive method The seven-step process in the hypothetico-deductive method Identify a broad problem area Define the problem statement Develop hypotheses Determine measures Data collection Data analysis Interpretation of data Review of the hypothetico-deductive method Some obstacles to conducting scientific research in the management are Alternative approaches to research Positivism Constructionism Critical realism Pragmatism Conclusion Defining and refining the problem The broad problem area Preliminary research Nature of information to be gathered Background information on the organization Information on the topic or subject area Defining the problem statement What makes a good problem statement? Basic types of questions: exploratory and descriptive Exploratory research questions Descriptive research questions Causal research questions The research proposal Managerial implications Ethical issues in the preliminary stages of investigation. The critical literature review How to approach the literature review Data sources Textbooks Journals Theses Conference proceedings Unpublished manuscripts Reports Newspapers The Internet Searching for literature Evaluating the literature Documenting the literature review Ethical issues Summary Discussion questions Practice project Some online resources useful for business research 3ibliographical databases .spa format for referencing relevant articles Referencing and quotation in the literature review section Theoretical framework and hypothesis development The need for a theoretical framework Variables Dependent variable Independent variable Moderating variable The distinction between an independent variable and a moderating variable Mediating variable How theory is generated The components of the theoretical framework Hypothesis development Definition of a hypothesis Statement of hypotheses: formats If—then statements. Directional and non-directional hypotheses Null and alternate hypotheses Managerial implications Elements of research design The research design Elements of research design Research strategies Experiments Survey research Ethnography Case studies Grounded theory Action research Extent of researcher interference with the study Study setting: contrived and noncontrived Unit of analysis: individuals, dyads, groups, organizations, cultures Time horizon: cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies Cross-sectional studies Longitudinal studies Mixed methods Trade-offs and compromises Managerial implications Interviews Primary data collection methods Interviews Unstructured and structured interviews Unstructured interviews Structured interviews Review of unstructured and structured interviews Training interviewers Some tips to follow when interviewing Establishing credibility and rapport, and motivating individuals to respond The questioning technique Review of tips to follow when interviewing. Face-to-face and telephone interviews Face-to-face interviews: advantages and disadvantages Telephone interviews: advantages and disadvantages Additional sources of bias in interview data Computer-assisted interviewing CAT/ and CAP/ Software packages Group interviews Focus groups Expert panels -., advantages and disadvantages of interviews Data collection methods: Observation Definition and purpose of observation =our key dimensions that characterize the type of observation Controlled versus uncontrolled observational studies Participant versus nonparticipant observation Structured versus unstructured observational studies Concealed versus unconcealed observation two important approaches to observation Participant observation: introduction The participatory aspect of participant observation The observation aspect of participant observation What to observe Structured observation: introduction The use of coding schemes in structured observation Advantages and disadvantages of observation Administering questionnaires Types of questionnaires personally administered questionnaires Mail questionnaires to electronic and online questionnaires Guidelines for questionnaire design Principles of wording Content and purpose of the questions. Language and wording of the questionnaire Type and form of questions Sequencing of questions Classification data or personal information Principles of measurement General appearance or "getup" of the questionnaire Review of questionnaire design Pretesting of structured questions Electronic questionnaire and survey design International dimensions of surveys Special issues in instrumentation for cross-cultural research Issues in cross-cultural data collection Review of the advantages and disadvantages of different data collection methods and when to use each Multimethods of data collection Managerial implications Ethics in data collection Ethics and the researcher Ethical behavior of respondents Experimental designs The lab experiment Control Manipulation Controlling the contaminating exogenous or "nuisance" variables Matching groups Randomization Internal validity of lab experiments External validity or generalizability of lab experiments The field experiment External and internal validity in experiments Trade-off between internal and external validity Factors affecting the validity of experiments History effects Maturation effects Testing effects Selection bias effects Mortality effects Statistical regression effects Instrumentation effects Identifying threats to validity. Review of factors affecting internal and external validity —vpes of experimental design and validity Quasi-experimental designs Pretest and posttest experimental group design Posttests only with experimental and control groups Time series design True experimental designs Pretest and posttest experimental and control group design Solomon four-group design Double-blind studies Ex post facto designs Simulation Ethical issues in experimental design research Managerial implications : Further experimental designs The completely randomized design Randomized block design Latin square design Factorial design - Measurement of variables: Operational definition How variables are measured Operational definition (operationalization) Operationalization: dimensions and elements Operationalizing the (multidimensional) concept of achievement motivation Dimensions and elements of achievement motivation What operationalization is not Review of operationalization International dimensions of operationalization Measurement: Scaling, reliability and validity Four types of scales Nominal scale Ordinal scale Interval scale Ratio scale. Ordinal or interval? Review of scales Rating scales Dichotomous scale Category scale Semantic differential scale Numerical scale Itemized rating scale Likert scale Fixed or constant sum scale Stapel scale Graphic rating scale Consensus scale Other scales Ranking scales Paired comparison Forced choice Comparative scale International dimensions of scaling Goodness of measures Item analysis Validity Content validity Criterion-related validity Construct validity Reliability Stability of measures Internal consistency of measures Reflective versus formative measurement scales What is a reflective scale? What is a formative scale and why do the items of a formative scale not necessarily hang together? .. Examples of some measures Measures from behavioral finance research Measures from management accounting research Measures from management research Measures from marketing research Sampling Population, element, sample, sampling unit, and subject Population. Element Sample Sampling unit Subject Sample data and population values Parameters Representativeness of Samples Normality of Distributions The sampling process Defining the population Determining the sample frame Determining the sampling design Determining the sample size Executing the sampling process 2-obability sampling Unrestricted or simple random sampling Restricted or complex probability sampling Systematic sampling Stratified random sampling Cluster sampling Double sampling Review of probability sampling designs k.onprobability sampling Convenience sampling Purposive sampling Judgment sampling Quota sampling Review of nonprobability sampling designs -:ermezzo: examples of when certain sampling designs would be appropriate Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling Systematic sampling Cluster sampling Area sampling Double sampling Convenience sampling judgment sampling: one type of purposive sampling Quota sampling: a second type of purposive sampling sues of precision and confidence in determining sample size Precision Confidence Sample data, precision, and confidence in estimation Trade-off between confidence and precision Sample data and hypothesis testing. The sample size Determining the sample size Sample size and type II errors Statistical and practical significance Rules of thumb Efficiency In Sampling Sampling as related to qualitative studies Managerial implications Quantitative data analysis Getting the data ready for analysis Coding and data entry Co
700			_aROGER BOUGIE
942			_cBK
999			_c1420 _d1420